Markup /brabant/12699

Comment
The remaining burial sites were unfortunately not associated with any sample IDs so will be addressed as is, assuming some of them pertain to the sample IDs received. 
- Modin: There are two potential burial sites associated with Modin: Qubur Al-Yahud and Horvat HaGardi/Sheikh al-Garbawi. However, both of these sites date to the Byzantine period, not the Iron Age, as evidenced by their architectural structures and the presence of Byzantine murals. 
The Edomites and other non-Israelite groups had established dominance in the Levant well before this time, thus it is reasonable to classify any skeletons found in these sites as non-Israelite in origin. 
- "Mass Grave": The exact location and dating of the mass graves were unspecified. Without this information, it is difficult to offer a precise identification of the remains. The lack of temporal context prevents any meaningful comparison to known conflicts or the ethnographic makeup of the regions during the relevant periods, in order to infer the possible cultural identity of the deceased, so for the sake of the argument, it will be assumed that they are not Israelites. 
- Nesher-Ramla: This site is primarily known for its Neanderthal remains, however, according to archaeologist Shlomo Kol-Ya'akov, the only non-Neanderthal burial discovered at Nesher-Ramla dates to the Early Bronze Age around 3600 BC [33]. This predates even the Canaanite civilisation, and, therefore, can be conclusively classified as non-Israelite. 
- Hazor: The burial site within the ancient city of Hazor is dated to the Canaanite period, specifically the 18th century BC. This is corroborated by the work of archaeologist Sharon Zuckerman [34]. Therefore, any samples from this site can be conclusively classified as non-Israelite. 
- Herodium: It is widely acknowledged that King Herod, who was buried here, was of Edomite descent. There is a possibility that this refers to the skeletons associated with the 70 AD Jewish revolt. Historical records, such as Jospehus' Wars 4:4:4, make it clear that it was primarily Edomites/Idumeans, not Israelites, that defended the temple against Roman forces. These Edomite groups were later dispersed across various regions, contributing to the formation of the Jewish diasporic communities. Therefore, any samples from this region can be safely classified as Edomites. 
- Gush Halav: The surrounding synagogue's currency has been dated to between 300 and 500 AD, and the tomb itself to approximately 400 AD, according to Ntanel Velenksky (1973). As in the case of Modin, this strongly suggests that the skeletons at this site are not Israelites. 
- Ein Gedi: The burial site at Ein Gedi, dates to between 100 BC and 100 AD. At this point in time, Ein Gedi was securely within Edomite territory, and during the Persian period 200-400 years prior, which acts as a suitable proxy for this period, less than 10% of Idumaea was Judahite, with Edomites and Arabs forming the majority. This site was identified as Israelite solely because it had multiple coffins in a cave [35]. The practice of placing multiple coffins in a cave, while identified as a cultural trait of Israelite burial practices, was also found among other regional groups, such as the Arabs (Madain Salih and Turkmaniyah tombs) and the Edomites (Umm al-Biyara, Maresha, and Horvat Armuda sites). Therefore, the assumption that this site was one of the Israelite/Judahite community is unsupported by the available archaeological evidence. 
- Jerusalem, Near the King's Burial: This descriptor is too unspecific to identify the burial site, and give any commentary. Based on the pattern established in the preceding examples, it is likely to be non-Israelite. 
- Givat HaMivtar: The tomb of Jawhnahan ben Hag-kal, dated to the period between 100 BC and 100 AD based on the use of an ossuary, presents some ambiguities. The name "Hagkal" lacks clear Hebrew etymology and is likely a transliteration of an Edomite name, considering the historical context. Around this time, the Edomites had been thoroughly blended into what remained of the Israelite population of Judaea [Strabo Geographica 16.2.2, 16.2.34; Antiquities 13:257-358, 13:395-397; Wars 1:63; Ammonius Grammaticus "Concerning Similar and Different Words"], so this is definitely plausible. Another individual associated with this tomb is believed to have contributed to the construction of Herod's temple, further reinforcing the Edomite connection. However, there is not enough information to definitively identify the cultural identities of the individuals buried here, however, given their genetic profile and context, it is unlikely that they were Israelites/Judahites. 
-Wizoh: The author did not locate information on a site named "Wizoh", though will defer to the assumption that it is a legitimate site, though based on the pattern established in the preceding examples, it is likely to be non-Israelite. 
- Homa Mountains: The only reference to a location similar to "Homa" is Mount Homa in Kenya, however, the author does not doubt his source and will instead assume that the site in question exists, and is non-Israelite, in line with the trends observed in other cases. 
As has been demonstrated, every single one of the so-called, supposed, "Israelite" burial sites and genetic samples are either: 
A. Canaanites. 
B. Edomites. 
C. Unidentifiable. 
D. Post-Israelite Levantines (most likely related to B). 
E. Pre-Canaanite Levantines.